The Night Watch - Wikipedia. This article is about the Rembrandt painting. For other uses, see Night Watch. Tv Series The Firm 2013.

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Militia Company of District II under the Command of Captain Frans Banninck Cocq,[1] also known as The Shooting Company of Frans Banning Cocq and Willem van Ruytenburch, but commonly referred to as The Night Watch (Dutch: De Nachtwacht), is a 1. Rembrandt van Rijn.

It is in the collection of the Amsterdam Museum but is prominently displayed in the Rijksmuseum as the best known painting in its collection. The Night Watch is one of the most famous Dutch Golden Age paintings. The painting is famous for three things: its colossal size (3. The painting was completed in 1.

Dutch Golden Age. It depicts the eponymous company moving out, led by Captain Frans Banning Cocq (dressed in black, with a red sash) and his lieutenant, Willem van Ruytenburch (dressed in yellow, with a white sash).

With effective use of sunlight and shade, Rembrandt leads the eye to the three most important characters among the crowd: the two gentlemen in the centre (from whom the painting gets its original title), and the woman in the centre- left background carrying a chicken. Behind them, the company's colours are carried by the ensign, Jan Visscher Cornelissen. The figures are almost life- size. Rembrandt has displayed the traditional emblem of the arquebusiers in a natural way, with the woman in the background carrying the main symbols. She is a kind of mascot herself; the claws of a dead chicken on her belt represent the clauweniers (arquebusiers), the pistol behind the chicken represents clover and she is holding the militia's goblet. The man in front of her is wearing a helmet with an oak leaf, a traditional motif of the arquebusiers. The dead chicken is also meant to represent a defeated adversary.

The colour yellow is often associated with victory. Alterations to original[edit]. For much of its existence, the painting was coated with a dark varnish, which gave the incorrect impression that it depicted a night scene, leading to the name by which it is now commonly known. This varnish was removed only in the 1. In 1. 71. 5, upon its removal from the Kloveniersdoelen to the Amsterdam Town Hall, the painting was trimmed on all four sides.

This was done, presumably, to fit the painting between two columns and was a common practice before the 1. This alteration resulted in the loss of two characters on the left side of the painting, the top of the arch, the balustrade, and the edge of the step. This balustrade and step were key visual tools used by Rembrandt to give the painting a forward motion. A 1. 7th- century copy of the painting by Gerrit Lundens at the National Gallery, London shows the original composition.[2]Commission[edit]The painting was commissioned (around 1.

Captain Banning Cocq and seventeen members of his Kloveniers (civic militia guards).[3] Eighteen names appear on a shield, painted circa 1. A total of 3. 4 characters appear in the painting.

Rembrandt was paid 1,6. This was one of a series of seven similar paintings of the militiamen (Dutch: 'Schuttersstuk') commissioned during that time from various artists. The painting was commissioned to hang in the banquet hall of the newly built Kloveniersdoelen (Musketeers' Meeting Hall) in Amsterdam.

Some have suggested that the occasion for Rembrandt's commission and the series of other commissions given to other artists was the visit of the French queen, Marie de Medici, in 1. Even though she was escaping from her exile from France ordered by her son Louis XIII, the queen's arrival was met with great pageantry. Location[edit]The Night Watch first hung in the Groote Zaal (Great Hall) or Amsterdam's Kloveniersdoelen. This structure currently houses the Doelen Hotel. In 1. 71. 5, the painting was moved to the Amsterdam Town Hall, for which it was altered. When Napoleon occupied the Netherlands, the Town Hall became the Palace on the Dam and the magistrates moved the painting to the Trippenhuis of the family Trip.

Napoleon ordered it returned, but after the occupation ended in 1. Trippenhuis, which now housed the Dutch Academy of Sciences. It remained there until it moved to the new Rijksmuseum when its building was finished in 1. The Night Watch rolled around a cylinder inside a crate.

The canvas would be stored in this condition throughout World War II. The painting was removed from the museum in September 1.

World War II. The canvas was detached from its frame and rolled around a cylinder. The rolled painting was stored in Radboud Castle in Medemblik, north of Amsterdam.[5] After the end of the war, the canvas was re- mounted, restored, and returned to its rightful place in the Rijksmuseum.

On 1. 1 December 2. The Night Watch was moved to a temporary location, due to a major refurbishment of the Rijksmuseum. The painting was detached from its frame, wrapped in stain- free paper, put into a wooden frame which was put into two sleeves, driven on a cart to its new destination, hoisted, and brought into its new home through a special slit. While the refurbishment took place, The Night Watch could be viewed in its temporary location in the Philipsvleugel of the Rijksmuseum. When the refurbishment was finished in April 2. Nachtwachtzaal (Room of the Night Watch). Popular reception[edit]A persistent misconception is that Rembrandt's decline in popularity was the result of negative public reception of the painting.

The myth has even made its way into modern advertising; in 1. KLM featured the painting in an advertisement that said, "See Night Watch, Rembrandt's spectacular 'failure' (that caused him to be) hooted.. The myth has no reasonable origin as there is no record of criticism of the painting in Rembrandt's lifetime, and Captain Cocq even commissioned a watercolor of it for his personal album. It is more likely that the decline in the artist's popularity was not the result of reaction to any one painting but to a broader change in taste. During the 1. 64.

Flemish portraitist Anthony van Dyck. Acts of vandalism[edit]On 1. January 1. 91. 1 a man slashed the painting with a shoemaker's knife. The work was attacked with a bread knife by an unemployed school teacher on 1.

September 1. 97. 5, resulting in several large zig- zagged slashes. It was successfully restored after four years, but some evidence of the damage is still visible up close. The man was never charged and he also committed suicide in April 1. On 6 April 1. 99. Security guards intervened and water was quickly sprayed onto the canvas.

The acid had only penetrated the varnish layer of the painting and it was fully restored.[6]Cultural legacy[edit]Maurice Merleau- Ponty refers to this work in his essay, Eye and Mind. He writes that "[t]he spatiality of the captain lies at the meeting of two lines of sight that are incompossible with one another. Everyone with eyes has at some time or other witnessed this play of shadows, or something like it, and has been made by it to see a space and the things included therein."The work has inspired musical works in both the classical and rock traditions, including the second movement of Gustav Mahler's 7th Symphony and Ayreon's "The Shooting Company of Captain Frans B. Cocq" from Universal Migrator Part 1: The Dream Sequencer. In King Crimson's song "The Night Watch", from the band's 1. Starless and Bible Black, lyricist Richard Palmer- James muses on the painting to capture a key period in Dutch history, when, after a long period of "Spanish Wars", the merchants and other members of the bourgeoisie can turn their lives inward and focus on the tangible results of their lives’ efforts. The song adopts a number of perspectives, including the primary subjects, the artist himself, and a modern viewer of the painting, and paints a mini- portrait of the emergence of the modern upper- middle class and the consumerist culture.

However, the song presents this portrait with a deft touch, and while not fully approving, is sympathetic in tone. Alexander Korda's 1.